Medical University of South Carolina stroke neurologist Robert J. Adams, M.D., knows firsthand how innovation can bring about dramatic and positive change. He was one of the STOP, Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia, investigators who found that transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) could be used to assess stroke risk in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and stroke risk could be reduced by giving the highest-risk children regular blood transfusions.